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by Bahá'u'lláh,
Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi
Effendi Baha'i Compiled by the Research Department of the Universal
House of Justice CONTENTS I. Extracts from the
Writings of Bahá'u'lláh II. From the Writings
of 'Abdu'l-Bahá III. Extracts from the
Utterances of 'Abdu'l-Bahá IV. Extracts from
Letters Written on behalf of the Guardian Extracts From The Writings Of Bahá'u'lláh 1. Intone, O My servant, the verses of God
that have been received by thee, as intoned by them who have drawn nigh unto
Him, that the sweetness of thy melody may kindle thine
own soul, and attract the hearts of all men.... ("Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh", rev. ed. (Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1984), p. 295) 2. We have permitted you to listen to music
and singing. Beware lest such listening cause you to transgress the bounds of
decency and dignity. Rejoice in the joy of My Most Great Name through which
the hearts are enchanted and the minds of the well-favoured
are attracted. We have made music a ladder by which souls may ascend
to the realm on high. Change it not into wings for self and passion. I seek
refuge in God that you be not of the ignorant. ("Kitab-i-Aqdas" -
Provisional translation from the Arabic) 3. Blessed is he who directeth
his steps towards the Mashriqu'l-Adhkar at the hour
of dawn, communing with Him, attuned to His remembrance, imploring His
forgiveness. And having entered therein, let him sit
in silence to hearken unto the verses of God, the Sovereign, the Almighty,
the All-Praised. Say, the Mashriqu'l-Adhkar is in
truth any House raised in towns or villages, for mention of Me. Thus hath it
been named before His Throne; would that ye know it. And those who chant the
verses of the Merciful in most melodious tones will attain thereby unto that
with which the kingdoms of earth and heaven can never compare. And they will inhale therefrom
the fragrance of My realms which none discerneth in
this day save those who have been granted vision by this sublime Beauty. Say,
verily, the verses of the Merciful uplift the stainless hearts unto those
realms of the spirit which cannot be described in words or expressed in
symbols. Blessed are they that hearken! ("Kitab-i-Aqdas" -
Provisional translation from the Arabic) [Ed. - now authoritatively translated--par.
115,
116] 4. Teach your children that which hath been
sent down from the heaven of majesty and power that they may recite the
Tablets of the Merciful in the halls of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkars
in most melodious tones. Verily, he who hath been drawn by the magnet of the
love of My Name, the Merciful, will recite the verses of God in such wise as
to enrapture the hearts of those who are fast asleep. Well is it with him who
hath quaffed the choice wine of immortal life from the utterances of his
Lord, the Lord of Mercy, through the power of this exalted Name whereby every
high and lofty mountain hath been reduced to dust. ("Kitab-i-Aqdas" -
Provisional translation from Arabic) [Ed. - now authoritatively
translated--par. 150] Extracts From The Writings Of 'Abdu'l-Bahá 5. This wonderful age has rent asunder the
veils of superstition and has condemned the prejudice of the people of the
East. Among some of the nations of the Orient, music and
harmony was not approved of, but the Manifested Light, Bahá'u'lláh,
in this glorious period has revealed in Holy Tablets that singing and music
are the spiritual food of the hearts and souls. In this dispensation, music
is one of the arts that is highly approved and is considered to be the cause
of the exaltation of sad and desponding hearts. Therefore ... set to music the verses and the divine
words so that they may be sung with soul-stirring melody in the Assemblies
and gatherings, and that the hearts of the listeners may become tumultuous
and rise towards the ("Bahá'í World Faith:
Selected Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá", rev. ed. (Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1976), p. 378) 6. Thank thou God that thou art instructed
in music and melody, singing with pleasant voice the glorification and praise
of the Eternal, the Living. I pray to God that thou mayest
employ this talent in prayer and supplication, in order that the souls may
become quickened, t e hearts may become attracted and all may become inflamed
with the fire of the love of God! ("Tablets of Abdul-Bahá Abbas" vol. 3 (Chicago: Bahá'í
Publishing Society, 1916), p. 512) 7. ...although sound is but the vibrations
of the air which affect the tympanum of the ear, and vibrations of the air
are but an accident among the accidents which depend upon the air, consider
how much marvelous notes or a charming song influence the spirits! A
wonderful song giveth wings to the spirit and filleth the heart with exaltation.... ("Bahá'í World Faith:
Selected Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá", p. 334) 8. The utmost joy was attained, for--praise
be to God!--the friends of the Merciful passed some time on that day joyous
and singing in the land of the Mashrak-el-Azcar and
enjoyed commemorating the Lord of the verses with the greatest joy. I am hopeful that, during the coming Rizwan a great feast shall be held in the land of the Mashrak-el-Azcar, a spiritual celebration prepared and
the melodies of the violin and the mandolin and hymns in praise and
glorification of the Lord of Hosts make all the audience joyous and ecstatic. ('Abdu'l-Bahá, "Tablets
of Abdul Bahá Abbas",
vol. I (Chicago: Bahá'í Publishing Committee, 1930)
[Ed. p. 101] 9. O maid-servant of God! Sing with
beautiful melodies in the meetings of the maid-servants, praising and
glorifying thy Supreme Lord. ("Tablets of Abdul-Bahá Abbas", vol. 1, p. 65) 10. O thou attracted one of the Kingdom! Complete thou the study of the art of music and
sacrifice thyself more or less to the Lord of the Kingdom. (Tablets of Abdul-Bahá Abbas", vol. 3, p. 671) 11. ...a musical and melodious voice imparteth life to an attracted heart, but lureth toward lust those souls who are engulfed in
passion and desire. ("The Divine Art of Living, rev ed. (Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1979), p. 100)
___________________ +F1.April 21, 1909 12. O servant of Bahá!
Music is regarded as a praiseworthy science at the Threshold of the Almighty,
so that thou mayest chant verses at large
gatherings and congregations in a most wondrous melody and raise such hymns
of praise at the Mashriqu'l-Adhkar to enrapture the
Concourse on High. By virtue of this, consider how much the art of music is
admired and praised. Try, if thou canst, to use spiritual melodies, songs and
tunes, and to bring the earthly music into harmony with the celestial melody.
Then thou wilt notice what a great influence music
hath and what heavenly joy and life it conferreth.
Strike up such a melody and tune as to cause the nightingales of divine
mysteries to be filled with joy and ecstasy. (From a Tablet to an individual believer- translated
from the Persian) Extracts from the Utterances of 'Abdu'l-Bahá 13. What a wonderful meeting this is! These
are the children of the Kingdom. The song we have just listened to was very
beautiful in melody and words. The art of music is divine and effective. It
is the food of the soul and spirit. Through the power and charm of music the
spirit of man is uplifted. It has wonderful sway and effect in the hearts of
children, for their hearts are pure, and melodies have great influence in
them. The latent talents with which the hearts of these children are endowed
will find expression through the medium of music. Therefore, you must exert
yourselves to make them proficient; teach them to sing with excellence and
effect. It is incumbent upon each child to know something of music, for
without knowledge of this art the melodies of instrument and voice cannot be
rightly enjoyed. Likewise, it is necessary that the schools teach it in order
that the souls and hearts of the pupils may become vivified and exhilarated
and their lives be brightened with enjoyment. ("The Promulgation of Universal Peace: Talks Delivered
by 'Abdu'l-Bahá during His Visit to the 14. Music is one of the important arts. It
has a great effect upon the human spirit. Musical melodies are a certain
something which prove to be accidental upon etheric
vibrations, for voice is nothing but the expression of vibrations, which,
reaching the tympanum, affect the nerves of hearing. Musical melodies are,
therefore, those peculiar effects produced by, or from, vibration. However,
they have the keenest effect upon the spirit. In sooth, although music is a
material affair, yet its tremendous effect is spiritual, and its greatest
attachment is to the realm of the spirit. If a person desires to deliver a
discourse, it will prove more effectual after musical melodies. The ancient
Greeks, as well as Persian philosophers, were in the habit of delivering
their discourses in the following manner:--First, playing a few musical
melodies, and when their audience attained a certain
receptivity thereby they would leave their instruments at once and begin
their discourse. Among the most renowned musicians of Persia was one
named Barbod, who, whenever a great question had
been pleaded for at the court of the King, and the Ministry had failed to
persuade the King, they would at once refer the matter to Barbod,
whereupon he would go with his instrument to the court and play the most
appropriate and touching music, the end being at once attained, because the
King was immediately affected by the touching musical melodies, certain
feelings of generosity would swell up in his heart, and he would give way.
You may try this: If you have a great desire and wish to attain your end, try
to do so on a large audience after a great solo has
been rendered, but it must be on an audience on which music is effective, for
there are some people who are like stones, and music cannot affect stones. Music is an important means to the education and
development of humanity, but the only true way is through the Teachings of
God. Music is like this glass, which is perfectly pure and polished. It is
precisely like this pure chalice before us, and the Teachings of God, the utterances
of God, are like the water. When the glass or chalice is absolutely pure and
clear, and the water is perfectly fresh and limpid, then it will confer Life;
wherefore, the Teachings of God, whether they be in the form of anthems or
communes or prayers, when they are melodiously sung, are most impressive. It
was for this reason that His Holiness David sang the psalms in the Holy of
Holies at ("Table Talk" Acca,
July 1909, quoted in "Herald of the South" (January 13, 1933), pp.
2-3) 15. Voice is the vibration of the air, and
is like the waves of the sea. The voice is produced through the
instrumentality of the lips, throat, teeth, tongue, etc. These cause a wave
in the air, and this wave reaches the nerve of the ear, which is thereby
affected. This is the voice. There are two kinds of voices. One when the complete
instrument is perfect, then the emission of sound is perfect. The second is
when the instrument is imperfect, it affects the
voice in such a way that it is far from pleasing. What we have just said
refers to the voice itself. It is natural for the heart and spirit to take pleasure
and enjoyment in all things that show forth symmetry, harmony, and
perfection. For instance: a beautiful house, a well designed garden, a
symmetrical line, a graceful motion, a well written book, pleasing
garments--in fact, all things that have in themselves grace or beauty are
pleasing to the heart and spirit--therefore, it is most certain that a true
voice causes deep pleasure. What is music? It is a combination of harmonious
sounds. What is poetry? It is a symmetrical collection of words. Therefore, they are pleasing through harmony and
rhythm. Poetry is much more effective and complete than prose. It stirs more
deeply, for it is of a finer composition. A fine voice when joined to beautiful music causes a
great effect, for both are desirable and pleasing. All these have in
themselves an organization, and are constructed on natural law. Therefore,
they correspond to the order of existence like something which would fit into
a mold. A true voice fits into the mold of nature. When it is so, this
affects the nerves, and they affect the heart and spirit. In the world of existence physical things have a
connection with spiritual realities. One of these things is the voice, which
connects itself with the spirit; and the spirit can be uplifted by this means
--for though it is a physical thing, it is one of the material, natural
organizations-- therefore, it is effective. All forms when understood aright gladden the spirit.
Melodies are like water. The voice is like a goblet. The pure water in a pure
glass is pleasing. Therefore, it is acceptable. But even though the water be
pure, if it be in a goblet which is not so, this receptacle will make it
unacceptable. Therefore, a faulty voice even though the music be good, is
unpleasing. In short: melodies, though they are material, are connected with
the spiritual, therefore, they produce a great
effect. A certain kind of melody makes the spirit happy, another kind makes it
sad, another excites it to action. All these
feelings can be caused by voice and music, for through the nerves it moves
and stirs the spirit. Even over animals, music has an effect. For example:
When they wish to take a camel over a desert road, they attach to him some
bells, or they play upon a flute, and this sound prevents him from realizing
the fatigue of the journey; his nerves are affected, but he does not have an
increase of thought, he feels nothing but physical sensation. Whatever is in
the heart of man, melody moves and awakens. If a heart full of good feelings
and a pure voice are joined together, a great effect is produced. For
instance: if there be love in the heart, through melody, it will increase
until its intensity can scarcely be borne; but if bad thoughts are in the
heart, such as hatred, it will increase and multiply. For instance: the music
used in war awakens the desire for bloodshed. The meaning is that melody
causes whatever feeling is in the heart to increase. Some feelings occur accidentally
and some have a foundation. For example: some people are naturally kind, but
they may be accidentally upset by a wave of anger. But if they hear music,
the true nature will reassert itself. Music really awakens the real, natural
nature, the individual essence. With whatever purpose you listen to music,
that purpose will be increased. For instance: there will be a concert given
for the poor and unfortunate, and if you go there
thinking of the aim, the music will increase your compassion and generosity.
This is the reason why music is used in war. And so it is with all the things
that cause the excitation of the nerves. ('Abdu'l-Bahá's words to Mrs.
Mary L. Lucas, as quoted in "A Brief Account of My Visit to Acca" (Chicago: Bahá'í
Publishing Society, 1905), pp. 11-14) Extracts from Letters Written on behalf of the Guardian 16. With regard to singing some of the hymns
written by Mrs...., he thinks that it would be a
splendid idea and when Mrs. Lua Getsinger
was living with the Master's family, she often sang them and tried to teach
them to the small children in the family. (22 March 1928 to an individual believer) 17. He thinks that it would especially be
beautiful to see little children singing them in groups.... (22 March 1928 to an individual believer) 18. The Guardian values the hymns that you
are so beautifully composing. They certainly contain the realities of the
Faith, and will indeed help you to give the Message to the young ones. It is
the music which assists us to affect the human spirit; it is an important
means which helps us to communicate with the soul. The Guardian hopes that
through this assistance you will give the Message to the people, and will
attract their hearts. (15 November 1932 to an individual believer, cited in
"Bahá'í News" 71 (February 1933), p. 2) 19. In regard to the main question you have
raised in connection with the singing of hymns at Bahá'í
meetings: He wishes me to assure you that he sees no objection to it
whatsoever. The element of music is, no doubt, an important feature of all Bahá'í gatherings. The Master Himself has emphasized its
importance. But the friends should in this, as well as in all other things,
not pass beyond the limits of moderation, and should take great care to
maintain the strict spiritual character of all their gatherings. Music should
lead to spirituality, and provided t creates such an atmosphere there can be
no objection against it. A distinction of vital importance should, however, be
clearly established between the singing of hymns composed by the believers
and the chanting of the Holy Utterances. (17 March 1935 to an individual believer) 20. With regard to your question concerning
the use of music in the Nineteen Day Feasts, he wishes you to assure all the
friends that he not only approves of such a practice, but thinks it even
advisable that the believers should make use, in their meetings, of hymns
composed by Bahá'ís themselves, and also of such
hymns, poems and chants as are based on the Holy Words. (7 April 1935 to an individual believer) 21. Although now is only the very beginning
of Bahá'í art, yet the friends who feel they are
gifted in such matters should endeavour to develop
and cultivate their gifts and through their works to reflect, however
inadequately, the Divine Spirit which Bahá'u'lláh
has breathed into the world. (4 November 1937 to an individual believer) 22. Music, as one of the arts, is a natural
cultural development, and the Guardian does not feel that there should be any
cultivation of "Bahá'í Music" any more
than we are trying to develop a Bahá'í school of
painting or writing. The believers are free to paint, write and compose as
their talents guide them. If music is written, incorporating the sacred
writings, the friends are free to make use of it, but it should never be
considered a requirement at Bahá'í meetings to have
such music. The further away the friends keep from any set forms,
the better, for they must realize that the Cause is absolutely universal, and
what might seem a beautiful addition to their mode of celebrating a Feast,
etc., would perhaps fall on the ears of people of another country as
unpleasant sounds--and vice versa. As long as they have music for its own
sake it is all right, but they should not consider it Bahá'í
music. (20 July 1946 to the National Spiritual Assembly of the
23. Instrumental music may be used at the Bahá'í Feasts. (20 August 1956 to an individual believer) 24. As regards producing a book of Bahá'í songs, your understanding that there is no
cultural expression which could be called Bahá'í at
this time (distinctive music, literature, art, architecture, etc., being the
flower of the civilization and not coming at the beginning of a new
Revelation), is correct. However, that does not mean that we haven't Bahá'í songs, in other words, songs written by Bahá'ís on Bahá'í subjects.... (21 September 1957 to the National Spiritual Assembly
of the 25. You should try and work out the questions about
songs with the Reviewing Committee or the National Spiritual Assembly. A Bahá'í can write songs, mentioning the Faith. This is not
"Bahá'í Music", but music in which the
Faith is mentioned. This is probably what the National Spiritual Assembly
meant. (24 October 1957 to an individual believer) (Prepared for inclusion with a letter dated 1 March
1972 written by the Universal House of Justice to all National Spiritual
Assemblies) |
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