Chapter@1@Contemporary Issues & Goals

 

 

1. Independent Investigation of Truth

 

1.1. Danger of Blind Imitation

 

1. "People for the most part delight in superstitions. They regard a single drop of the sea of delusion as preferable to an ocean of certitude. By holding fast unto names they deprive themselves of the inner reality and by clinging to vain imaginings they are kept back from the Dayspring of heavenly signs. God grant you may be graciously aided under all conditions to shatter the idols of superstition and to tear away the veils of the imaginations of men."

(Baháfuflláh: Tablets of Baháfuflláh, p. 58)

 

2. "Man must seek reality himself, forsaking imitations and adherence to mere hereditary forms. As the nations of the world are following imitations in lieu of truth and as imitations are many and various, differences of belief have been productive of strife and warfare. So long as these imitations remain, the oneness of the world of humanity is impossible. Therefore, we must investigate reality in order that by its light the clouds and darkness may be dispelled, Reality is one reality; it does not admit multiplicity or division. If the nations of the world investigate reality, they will agree and become united.

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 180)

 

1.2. Unbiased Search for Truth

3. "O Son of Spirit!

"The best beloved of all things in My sight is Justice; turn not away therefrom if thou desirest Me, and neglect it not that I may confide in thee. By its aid thou shalt see with thine own eyes and not through the eyes of others, and shalt know of thine own knowledge and not through the knowledge of thy neighbour. Ponder this in thy heart; how it behoveth thee to be. Verily justice is my gift to thee and the sign of My loving-kindness. Set it then before thine eyes."

(Baháfuflláh: The Hidden Words of Baháfuflláh, Arabic #2, p. 3)

 

4. "Man is not intended to see through the eyes of another, hear through another's ears nor comprehend with another's brain. Each human creature has individual endowment, power and responsibility in the creative plan of God. Therefore, depend upon your own reason and judgment and adhere to the outcome of your own investigation; otherwise, you will be utterly submerged in the sea of ignorance and deprived of all the bounties of God."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 293)

 

5. "Since my arrival in Paris, I have been told of the Theosophical Society, and I know that it is composed of honoured and respected men. You are men of intellect and thought, men with spiritual ideals, and it is a great pleasure for me to be among you.

"Let us thank God who has drawn us together this evening. It gives me great joy, for I see that you are seekers after truth. You are not held in bondage by the chains of prejudice, and our greatest longing is to know the truth. Truth may be likened to the sun! The sun is the luminous body that disperses all shadows; in the same way does truth scatter the shadows of our imagination. As the sun gives life to the body of humanity so does truth give life to their souls. Truth is a sun that rises from different points on the horizon.

"Sometimes the sun rises from the centre of the horizon, then in summer it rises farther north, in winter farther south-----but it is always the self-same sun, however different are the points of its rising.

"In like manner truth is one, although its manifestations may be very different. Some men have eyes and see. These worship the sun, no matter from which point on the horizon it may dawn; and when the sun has left the winter sky to appear in the summer one, they know how to find it again. Others there are who worship only the spot from which the sun arose, and when it arises in its glory from another place they remain in contemplation before the spot of its former rising. Alas! These men are deprived of the blessings of the sun. Those who in truth adore the sun itself will recognize it from whatsoever dawning-place it may appear, and will straightway[sic] turn their faces towards its radiance.

"We must adore the sun itself and not merely the place of its appearance. In the same way men of enlightened heart worship truth on whatever horizon it appears."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, p. 127-128)

 

 

2. Harmony of Science & Religion

 

2.1. Harmony

6. "How can a man believe to be a fact that which science has proved to be impossible? If he believes in spite of his reason, it is rather ignorant superstition than faith. The true principles of all religions are in conformity with the teachings of science.@@

"The Unity of God is logical, and this idea is not antagonistic to the conclusions arrived at by scientific study.@@

"All religions teach that we must do good that we must be generous, sincere, truthful, law-abiding, and faithful; all this is reasonable, and logically the only way in which humanity can progress.

"All religious laws conform to reason and are suited to the people for whom they are framed, and the age in which they are to be obeyed."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, pp. 141-142)

 

7. "If religion were contrary to logical reason then it would cease to be a religion and be merely a tradition Religion and science are the two wings upon which man's intelligence can soar into the heights, with which the human soul can progress. It is not possible to fly with one wing alone! Should a man try to fly with the wing of religion alone he would quickly fall into the quagmire of superstition, whilst on the other hand, with the wing of science alone he would also make no progress, but fall into the slough of materialism. . . . .

"...science is the light, and being so, religion truly so-called does not oppose knowledge.

"...But the religion which does not walk hand in hand with science is itself in the darkness of superstition and ignorance."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Peace: More than an End to War, pp. 77-78)

 

8. "True science is reason and reality, and religion is essentially reality and pure reason; therefore the two must correspond. Religious teaching which is at variance with science and reason is human invention and imagination unworthy of acceptance, for the antithesis and opposite of knowledge is superstition born of the ignorance of man. If we say religion is opposed to science we lack knowledge of either true science or true religion for both are founded upon the premises and conclusions of reason and both must bear its test."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 107)

 

 

2.2. Material Development and Spiritual Development

9. "Man has two powers; and his development, two aspects. One power is connected with the material world and by it he is capable of material advancement. The other power is spiritual, and through its development his inner, potential nature is awakened. These powers are like two wings. Both must be developed, for flight is impossible with one wing.

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 60)

 

10. "Some men's lives are solely occupied with the things of this world; their minds are so circumscribed by exterior manners and traditional interests that they are blind to any other realm of existence, to the spiritual significance of all things! They think and dream of earthly fame, of material progress. Sensuous delights and comfortable surroundings bound their horizon, their highest ambitions centre in successes of worldly conditions and circumstances! The curb not their lower propensities; they eat, drink, and sleep! Like the animal, they have no thought beyond their own physical well-being. It is true that these necessities must be dispatched. Life is a load which must be carried on while we are on earth, but the cares of the lower things of life should not be allowed to monopolize all the thoughts and aspirations of a human being. The heart's ambitions should ascend to a more glorious goal, mental activity should rise to higher levels!"

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, pp. 98-99)

 

2.3. Balance and Moderation

11. "It is incumbent upon them who are in authority to exercise moderation in all things. Whatsoever passeth beyond the limits of moderation will cease to exert a beneficial influence. Consider for instance such things as liberty, civilization and the like. However much men of understanding may favorably regard them, they will, if carried to excess, exercise a pernicious influence upon men."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, CX, p. 216)

 

12. "The civilization, so often vaunted by the learned exponents of arts and sciences, will, if allowed to overleap the bounds of moderation, bring great evil upon men. Thus warneth you He Who is the All-Knowing. If carried to excess, civilization will prove as prolific a source of evil as it had been of goodness when kept within the restraints of moderation."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, CLXIV, pp. 342-343)

 

13. "Moderation is necessary in all affairs. Man must take a lesson from divine actions and deeds for God suffers a tree to grow a long time before it attains to perfection. He is able to make a tree grow to fruition in an instant, but wisdom requires a gradual development."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Divine Therapy, p. 163)@

 

2.4. Detachment, not Asceticism

14. "Should a man wish to adorn himself with the ornaments of the earth to wear its apparels or partake of the benefits it can bestow, no harm can befall him if he alloweth nothing whatever to intervene between him and God, for God has ordained every good thing whether created in, the heavens or in the earth, for such of His servants as truly believe in Him. Eat ye, O people of the good things which God hath allowed you, and deprive not yourselves from His wondrous bounties. Render thanks and praise unto Him, and be of them that are truly thankful "

(Baháfuflláh: Advent of Divine Justice, p. 28)@

 

15. "All that has been created is for man who is at the apex of creation, and he must be thankful for the divine bestowals. All material things are for us so that through our gratitude we may learn to understand life as a divine benefit. If we are disgusted with life we are ingrates, for our material and spiritual existence are the outward evidences of the divine mercy. Therefore we must be happy and spend our time in praises, appreciating all things."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Baháfuflláh and the New Era, p. 103)

 

 

3. Oneness of God and Oneness of Religion

 

3.1. The Source is One

16. "That the divers communions of the earth, and the manifold systems of religious belief, should never be allowed to foster the feelings of animosity among men, is, in this Day, of the essence of the faith of God and His Religion. These principles and laws, these firmly established and mighty systems, have proceeded from one Source, and are the rays of one Light. That they differ one from another is to be attributed to the varying requirements of the ages in which they are promulgated.

(Baháfuflláh: Peace: More than an End to War, pp. 122-123)

 

3.2. Spiritual Teachings and Social Teachings

17. "The divine religions embody two kinds of ordinances. First, there are those which constitute essential, or spiritual, teachings of the Word of God. These are faith in God, the acquirement of the virtues which characterize perfect manhood, praiseworthy moralities, the acquisition of the bestowals and bounties emanating from the divine effulgences ----in brief, the ordinances which concern the realm of morals and ethics. This is the fundamental aspect of the religion of God, and this is of the highest importance. . . .

"Second, there are laws and ordinances which are temporary and nonessential. These concern human transactions and relations. They are accidental and subject to change according to the exigencies of time and place. These ordinances are neither permanent nor fundamental. For instance, during the time of Noah it was expedient that seafood be considered as lawful; therefore. God commanded Noah to partake of all marine animal life. During the time of Moses this was not in accordance with the exigencies of Israel's existence; therefore, a second command was revealed partly abrogating the law concerning marine foods. During the time of Abraham-----upon Him be peace!-----camel's milk was considered a lawful and acceptable food; likewise the flesh of the camel; but during Jacob's time because of a certain vow He made this became unlawful. These are nonessential, temporary laws.

In the Holy Bible there are certain commandments which according to those by one times constituted the very spirit of the age, the very light of that period. For example, according to the law of the Torah if a man committed theft of a certain amount, they cut off his hand. Is it practicable and reasonable in this present day to cut off a man's hand for the theft of a dollar? In the Torah there are ten ordinances concerning murder. Could these be made effective today? Unquestionably no; times have changed. According to the explicit text of the Bible if a man should change or break the law of the Sabbath or if he should touch fire on the Sabbath, he must be killed. Today such a law is abrogated. The Torah declares that if a man should speak a disrespectful word to his father, he should suffer the penalty of death. Is this possible of enforcement now? No; human conditions have undergone changes. Likewise, during the time of Christ certain minor ordinances conformable to that period were enforced.

"It has been shown conclusively, therefore, that the foundation of the religion of God remains permanent and un-changing. It is that fixed foundation which ensures the progress and stability of the body politic and the illumination of humanity. It has ever been the cause of love and justice amongst men. It works for the true fellowship and unification of all mankind, for it never changes and is not subject to supersedure. The accidental, or nonessential, laws which regulate the transactions of the social body and everyday affairs of life are changeable and subject to abrogation.

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, pp. 403-405)

 

18. "Religion has two main parts: (1) The Spiritual. (2) The Practical.

"The spiritual part never changes. All the Manifestations of God and His Prophets have taught the same truths and given the same spiritual law. They all teach the one code of morality. There is no division in the truth. The Sun has sent forth many rays to illumine human intelligence, the light is always the same.

"The practical part of religion deals with exterior forms and ceremonies, and with modes of punishment for certain offenses. This is the material side of the law, and guides the customs and manners of the people.

"...whilst the spiritual law never alters, the practical rules must change their application with the necessities of the time. The spiritual aspect of religion is the greater, the more important of the two, and this is the same for all time, it never changes! It is the same, yesterday, today, and for ever!"

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, pp. 142-143)

 

 

3.3. Progressive Revelation

19. "Contemplate with thine inward eye the chain of successive Revelations that hath linked the Manifestation of Adam with that of the Báb. I testify before God that each one of these Manifestations hath been sent down through the operation of the Divine Will and Purpose, that each hath been entrusted with a divinely-revealed Book and been commissioned to unravel the mysteries of a mighty Tablet. The measure of the Revelation with which every one of them hath been identified had been definitely foreordained. This verily is a token of Our favor unto them, if ye be of those that comprehend this truth."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, XXXI, pp. 74-75)

 

20. "Consider that which hath been sent down unto Muhammad the Apostle of God. The measure of the Revelation of which He was the bearer had been clearly foreordained by Him Who is the Almighty, the All-Powerful. They that heard Him, how-ever could apprehend His purpose only to the extent of their station and spiritual capacity. He, in like manner, uncovered the Face of Wisdom in proportion to their ability to sustain the burden of His Message. No sooner had mankind attained the stage of maturity, than the Word revealed to men's eyes the latent energies with which it had been endowed-----energies which manifested themselves in the plenitude of their glory when the Ancient Beauty appeared in the year sixty in the person of 'Ali-Muhammad, the Báb." (Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, XXXIII, p. 77)

 

21. "In thine esteemed letter thou hadst inquired which of the Prophets of God should be regarded as superior to others. Know thou assuredly that the essence of all the Prophets of God is one and the same. Their unity is absolute. God, the Creator saith: There is no distinction whatsoever among the Bearers of My Message. They all have but one purpose; their secret is the same secret. TD Prefer one in honor to another to exalt certain ones above the rest is in no wise to be permitted. Even true Prophet hath regarded His Message as fundamentally the same as the Revelation of every other Prophet gone before Him. . .

"The measure of the revelation of the Prophets of God in this world however must differ. Each and every one of them hath been the Bearer of a distinct Message, and hath been commissioned to reveal Himself through specific acts. It is for this reason that they appear to vary in their greatness. Their Revelation may be likened unto the light of the moon that sheddeth its radiance upon the earth. Though every time it appeareth, it revealeth a fresh measure of its brightness, yet its inherent splendor can never diminish, nor can its light suffer extinction.

"It is clear and evident, therefore, that an apparent variation in the intensity of their light is not inherent in the light itself, but should rather be attributed to the varying receptivity of an ever-changing world. . .

"The Prophets of God should be regarded as physicians whose task is to foster the well-being of the world and its peoples, that, through the spirit of oneness, they may heal the sickness of a divided humanity . . .Little wonder then, if the treatment prescribed by the physician in this day should not be found to be identical wit that which he prescribed before."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, XXXIV, pp. 78-80)

 

22. "...Once in about a thousand years shall this City be renewed and readorned. . .

"That City is none other than the Word of God revealed in every age and dispensation. In the days of Moses it was the Pentateuch; in the days of Jesus, the Gospel; in the days of Muhammad, the Messenger of God, the Qur'an; in this day, the Bayan; and in the Dispensation of Him Whom God will make manifest, His own Book---the Book unto which all the Books of former Dispensations must needs be referred, the Book that standeth amongst them all transcendent and supreme."

(Baháfuflláh: Kitáb-i-Íqán, p. 199)

 

3.4. Spiritual Cycle: The Limitations of Human Interpretations an Imaginations

23. "Leaders of religion, in every age, have hindered their people from attaining the shores of eternal salvation, inasmuch as they held the reins of authority in their mighty rasp. Some for the lust of leadership, others through want of knowledge and understanding have been the cause of the deprivation of the people. . .What unspeakable cruelties the that have occupied the seats of authority and learning have inflicted upon the true Monarchs of the world, those Gems of divine virtue!"

(Baháfuflláh: Peace: More than an End to War, p. 73)

 

24. "These leaders ('the divines of the age'), owing to their immersion in selfish desires, and their pursuit of transitory and sordid things, have regarded these divine Luminaries as being opposed to the standards of their knowledge and understanding, and the opponents of their ways and judgments. As they have literally interpreted the Word of God and the sayings and traditions of the Letters of Unity, and expounded them according to their own deficient understanding, they have therefore deprived themselves and all their people of the bountiful showers of the grace and mercies of God."

(Baháfuflláh: Kitáb-i-Íqán, p. 82)

 

25. "...the day of the appearance of the Holy Manifestations is the spiritual springtime; it is the divine splendor; it is the heavenly bounty, the breeze of life, the rising of the Sun of Reality. Spirits are quickened; hearts are refreshed and invigorated souls become good; existence is set in motion; human realities are gladdened, and grow and develop in good qualities and perfections. General progress is achieved and revival takes place, for it is the day of resurrection, the time of excitement and ferment, and the season of bliss, of joy and of intense rapture.

"Afterward the life-giving spring ends in fruitful summer. The word of God is exalted, the Law of God is promulgated; all things reach perfection. The heavenly table is read the holy breezes perfume the East and the West, the teachings of God conquer the world, men become educated praiseworthy results are produced, universal progress appears in the world of humanity, and the divine bounties surround all things. The sun of Reality rises from the horizon of the Kingdom with the greatest power and heat. When it reaches the meridian, it will begin to decline and descend and the spiritual summer will be followed by autumn, when growth and development are arrested. Breezes change into blighting winds and the unwholesome season dissipates the beauty and freshness of the gardens plains and bowers---that is to say, attraction and goodwill do not remain divine qualities are changed, the radiance of hearts is dimmed the spirituality of souls is altered, virtues are replaced by vices and holiness and purity, disappear. Only the name of the Religion of God remains, and the exoteric forms of the divine teachings. The foundations of the Religion of God are destroyed and annihilated and nothing but forms and customs exist. Divisions appear, firmness is changed into instability, and spirits become dead; hearts languish, souls become inert, and winter arrives---that is to say the coldness of ignorance envelops the world, and the darkness of human error prevails. After this come indifference, disobedience, inconsiderateness, indolence, baseness, animal instincts and the coldness and insensibility of stones. It is like the season of winter when the terrestrial globe, deprived of the effect of the heat of the sun becomes desolate and dreary. When the world of intelligence and thought has reached to this stage, there remain only continual death and perpetual nonexistence.@@

"When the season of winter has had its effect, again the spiritual springtime returns, and a new cycle appears."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Some Answered Questions, pp. 74-75)

 

26. "The chief cause [of the unrest among nations] is the misrepresentation of religion by the religious leaders and teachers. They teach their followers to believe that their own form of religion is the only one pleasing to God, and that followers of any other persuasion are condemned by the All-Loving Father and deprived of His Mercy and Grace. Hence arise among the peoples, disapproval, contempt, disputes and hatred. If these religious prejudices could be swept away, the nations would soon enjoy peace and concord.h

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, pp. 45-46)

 

3.5. Religion Must Be the Cause of Unity not Strife

27. ". . .God's purpose in sending His Prophets unto men is twofold. The first is to liberate the children of men from the darkness of ignorance, and guide them to the light of true understanding. The second is to ensure the peace and tranquility of mankind, and provide all the means by which they can be established."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, XXXIV, pp. 79-80)

 

28. "Religion should unite hearts and cause wars and disputes to vanish from the face of the earth, give birth to spirituality, and bring life and light to each heart. If religion becomes a cause of dislike, hatred and division, it were better to be without it, and to withdraw from such a religion would be a truly religious act. For it is clear that the purpose of a remedy is to cure; but if the remedy should only aggravate the complaint it had better be left alone. Any religion which is not a cause of love and unity is no religion. All the holy prophets were as doctors to the soul; they gave prescriptions for the healing of mankind; thus any remedy that causes disease does not come from the great and supreme Physician."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, p. 130)

 

 

4. Oneness of Humanity

 

4.1. Equality of All Humanity

29. "The Tabernacle of Unity has been raised; regard ye not one another as strangers...Of one tree are all ye the fruit and of one bough the leaves. . .The world is but one country and mankind its citizens...Let not a man glory in that he loves his country; let him rather glory in this, that he loves his kind.h

(Baháfuflláh: The World Order of Baháfuflláh, p. 41)

 

30. "He Who is your Lord, the All-Merciful, cherisheth in His heart the desire of beholding the entire human race as one soul and one body. Haste ye to win your share of God's good grace and mercy in this Day that eclipseth all other created Days. How great the felicity that awaiteth the man that forsaketh all he hath in a desire to obtain the things of God! Such a man, We testify, is among God's blessed ones."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, CVII, p. 214)

 

31. "God the Almighty has created all mankind from the dust of the earth. He has fashioned them all from the same elements they are descended from the same race and live upon the same globe. He has created them to dwell beneath the one heaven. As members of the human family and His children He has endowed them with equal susceptibilities. He maintains, protects and is kind to all."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 297)

 

32. "Indeed 'the world of humanity is like one kindred and one family. Because of the climatic differences of the zones through the passing of ages colors have become different. In the torrid zone, on account of the intensity of the effect of the sun throughout the ages the black race appeared. In the frigid zone, on account of the severity of the cold and the ineffectiveness of the heat of the sun throughout the ages the white race appeared. In the temperate zone, the yellow, brown and red races came into existence. But in reality mankind is one race. Because it is of one race unquestionably there must be unity and harmony and no separation or discord."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Peace: More than an End to War, p. 104)

 

33. "The primary question to be resolved is how the present world, with its entrenched pattern of conflict can change to a world in which harmony and co-operation will prevail.@@@

"World order can be founded on an unshakeable consciousness of the oneness of mankind, a spiritual truth which all the human sciences confirm. Anthropology, physiology, psychology, recognize only one human species albeit infinitely varied in the secondary aspects of life. Recognition of this truth requires abandonment of prejudice----prejudice of every kind-----race, class, colour, creed, nation, sex, degree of material civilization, everything which enables people to consider themselves superior to others."

(The Universal House of Justice: The Promise of World Peace, p. 13)

 

4.2. Interdependence

34. "Regard ye the world as a man's body, which is afflicted with divers ailments, and the recovery of which dependeth upon the harmonizing of all of its component elements. Gather ye around that which We have prescribed unto you, and walk not in the ways of such as create dissension. Meditate on the world and the state of its people."

(Baháfuflláh: Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, pp. 55-56)

 

35. "Beware lest the desires of the flesh and of a corrupt inclination provoke divisions among you. Be ye as the fingers of one hand, the members of one body. Thus counseleth you the Pen of Revelation if ye be of them that believe."

(Baháfuflláh: Gleanings from the Writings of Baháfuflláh, LXXII, p. 140)

 

36. "They that are endowed with sincerity and faithfulness should associate with all the peoples and kindreds of the earth with joy and radiance inasmuch as consorting with people hath promoted and will continue to promote unity and concord, which in turn are conducive to the maintenance of order in the world and to the regeneration of nations. Blessed are such as hold fast to the cord of kindliness and tender mercy and are free from animosity and hatred."

(Baháfuflláh: Tablets of Baháfuflláh, p. 36)

 

4.3. Unity in Diversity

37. "Consort with all religions with amity and concord, that they may inhale from you the sweet fragrance of God."

(Baháfuflláh: Synopsis and Codification of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, p. 25)

 

38. "Baháfuflláh hath said that the various races of humankind lend a composite harmony and beauty of color to the whole. Let all associate, therefore, in this great human garden even as flowers grow and blend together side by side without discord or disagreement between them."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Advent of Divine Justice, p. 37)

 

39. "If you go into a garden and find all the flowers alike in form, species and color, the effect is wearisome to the eye. The garden is more beautiful when the flowers are many colored and different; the variety lends charm and adornment. In a flock of doves some are white, some black, red, blue; yet they make no distinction among themselves. All are doves no matter what the color.

"This variety in forms and coloring which is manifest in all the kingdoms is according to creative wisdom and has a divine purpose Nevertheless whether the creatures be all alike or all different should not be the cause of strife and quarreling among them. Especially why should man find cause for discord in the color or race of his fellow creature? No educated or illumined mind will allow that this differentiation and discord should exist or that there is any ground for it."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 113)

 

40. "Far from aiming at the subversion of the existing foundations of society, it seeks to broaden its basis, to remold its institutions in a manner consonant with the needs of an ever-changing world. It can conflict with no legitimate allegiances, nor, can it undermine essential loyalties. Its purpose is neither to stifle the flame of a sane and intelligent patriotism in men's hearts, nor to abolish the system of national autonomy so essential if the evils of excessive centralization are to be avoided. It does not ignore, nor does it attempt to suppress, the diversity of ethnical origins, of climate, of history, of language and tradition, of thought and habit, that differentiate the peoples and nations of the world. It calls for a wider loyalty, for a larger aspiration than any that has animated the human race. It insists upon the subordination of national impulses and interests to the imperative claims of a unified world It repudiates excessive centralization on one hand, and disclaims all attempts at uniformity on the other. Its watchword is unity in diversity...g

(Shoghi Effendi: The Promise of World Peace, p. 14)

 

 

5. Equality of Men and Women

 

5.1. Man and Woman are the Wings of Humanity

41. "Women and men have been and will always be equal in the sight of God. The Dawning-Place of the Light of God sheddeth its radiance upon all with the same effulgence. Verily God created women for men, and men for women. The most beloved of people before God are the most steadfast and those who have surpassed others in their love for God, exalted be His glory."

(Baháfuflláh: Peace: More than an End to War, pp. 130-131)

 

42. "Until the reality of equality between man and woman is fully established and attained, the highest social development of mankind is not possible."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 76)

 

43. "The world of humanity is possessed of two wings: the male and the female. So long as these two wings are not equivalent in strength, the bird will not fly. Until womankind reaches the same degree as man, until she enjoys the same arena of activity, extraordinary attainment for humanity will not be realized; humanity cannot wing its way to heights of real attainment. When the two wings or parts become equivalent in strength enjoying the same prerogatives, the flight of man will be exceedingly lofty and extraordinary. Therefore, woman must receive the same education as man and all inequality be adjusted."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Peace: More than an End to War, p. 134)

 

5.2. Mother is the First Educator of Humankind

44. "Furthermore, the education of woman is more necessary and important than that of man, for woman is the trainer of the child from its infancy. If she be defective and imperfect herself, the child will necessarily be deficient; therefore, imperfection of woman implies a condition of imperfection in all mankind, for it is the mother who rears, nurtures and guides the growth of the child...The mothers are the first educators of mankind; if they be imperfect, alas for the condition and future of the race."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Peace: More than an End to War, p. 135-136)

 

45. "O esteemed handmaid!. . .Thou hast written about the girls' school. What was previously written still holdeth true. There can be no improvement unless the girls are brought up in schools and centres of learning, unless they are taught the sciences and other branches of knowledge, and unless they acquire the manifold arts, as are necessary, and are divinely trained. For the day will come when these girls will become mothers. Mothers are the first educators of children, who establish virtues in the child's inner nature. They encourage the child to acquire perfections and goodly manners, warn him against unbecoming qualities, and encourage him to show forth resolve, firmness, and endurance under hardship, and to advance on the highroad to progress. Due regard for the education of girls is, therefore, necessary. This is a very important subject, and it should be administered and organized under the aegis of the Spiritual Assembly."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Women, p. 20)@

 

46. "O ye loving mothers, know ye that in God's sight, the best of all ways to worship Him is to educate the children and train them in all the perfections of humankind; and no nobler deed than this can be imagined."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Star of the West, p. 139)

 

5.3. Women's Role in Establishing World Peace

47. "In proclaiming the oneness of mankind He taught that men and women are equal in the sight of God and that there is no distinction to be made between them. The only difference between them now is due to lack of education and training. If woman is given equal opportunity of education, distinction and estimate of inferiority will disappearc

gHe promulgated the adoption of the same course of education for man and woman. Daughters and sons must follow the same curriculum of study, thereby promoting unity of the sexes. When all mankind shall receive the same opportunity of education and the equality of men and women be realized, the foundations of war will be utterly destroyed. Without equality this will be impossible because all differences and distinction are conducive to discord and strife. Equality between men and women is conducive to the abolution of warfare for the reason that women will never be willing to sanction it.h

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Peace: More than an End to War, pp. 136-137)

 

48. "Consider a son reared and trained twenty years by a devoted mother. What sleepless nights and restless, anxious days she has spent! Having brought him through dangers and difficulties to the age of maturity how agonizing then to sacrifice him upon the battlefield! Therefore, the mothers will not sanction war nor be satisfied with it So it will come to pass that when women participate fully and equally in the affairs of the world, when they enter confidently and capably the great arena of laws and politics, war will cease; for woman will be the obstacle and hindrance to it."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, pp. 134-135)

 

49. "The emancipation of women, the achievement of full equality between the sexes, is one of the most important, though less acknowledged prerequisites of peace. The denial of such equality perpetrates an injustice against one half of the world's population and promotes in men harmful attitudes and habits that are carried from the family to the workplace, to political life, and ultimately to international relations. There are no grounds, moral, practical or biological, upon which such denial can be justified. Only as women are welcomed into full partnership in all fields of human endeavour will the moral and psychological climate be created in which international peace can emerge.h

(The Universal House of Justice: The Promise of World Peace, pp. 11-12)

 

5.4. Physical, Psychological & Functional Differences Between Men & Women

50. "The House of Justice suggests that all statements in the Holy Writings concerning specific areas of the relationship between men and women should be considered in the light of the general principle of equality between the sexes that has been authoritatively and repeatedly enunciated in the Sacred Texts. In one of His Tablets Abdufl-Bahá asserts: 'In this divine age the bounties of God have encompassed the world of women. Equality of men and women, except in some negligible instances, has been fully and categorically announced. Distinctions have been utterly removed.' That men and women differ from One another in certain characteristics and functions is an inescapable fact of nature; the important thing is that Abdufl-Bahá regards such inequalities as remain between the sexes as 'negligible'."

(From a letter of the Universal House of Justice to the National Spiritual Assembly of New Zealand, 12/28/80: Lights of Guidance, pp. 523-524)

 

51. The great importance attached to the mother's role derives from the fact that she is the first educator of the child. Her attitude, her prayers, even what she eats and her physical condition have a great influence on the child when it is still in the womb. When the child is born, it is she who has been endowed by God with the milk which is the first food designed for it, and it is intended that, if possible, she should be with the baby to train and nurture it in its earliest days and months. This does not mean that the father does not also love, ay for, and care for his baby, but as he has the primary responsibility of providing for the family, his time to be with s child is usually limited, while the mother is usually closely associated with the baby during this intensely formative time _n it is growing and developing faster than it ever will again in during the whole of its life. As the child grows older and more independent, the relative nature of its relationship with its mother and father modifies and the father can play a greater role.@ (A letter written by The Universal House of Justice to an individual believer, 8/23/84, Women, p.31)

 

 

6. Building the World Community

 

6.1. From Nation-Building to Establishing A World Commonwealth

52. "Governments should fully acquaint themselves with the conditions of those they govern, and confer upon them positions according to desert and merit. It is enjoined upon every ruler and sovereign to consider this matter with the utmost care that the traitor may not usurp the position of the faithful, nor the despoiler rule in the place of the trustworthy."

(Baháfuflláh: Tablets of Baháfuflláh, p. 127)

 

53. "Unification of the whole of mankind is the hallmark of the stage which human society is now approaching. Unity of family, of tribe, of city-state, and nation have been successively attempted and fully established. World unity is the goal towards which a harassed humanity is striving. Nation-building has come to an end. The anarchy inherent in state sovereignty is moving towards a climax. A world, growing to maturity must abandon this fetish recognize the oneness and wholeness of human relationships and establish once for all the machinery that can best incarnate this fundamental principle of its life..."

(Shoghi Effendi: World Order of Baháfuflláh, p. 202)

 

6.2. World Government and World Tribunal: True Service to Humanity, not Overcentralization, Bureaucracy, or Dictatorship

 

54. "All the governments of the world must be united and organize an assembly the members of which should be elect-ed from the parliaments and the nobles of the nations."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Foundation of World Unity, p. 43)

 

55. "The world is in the greatest need of international peace. Until it is established, mankind will not attain composure and tranquility. It is necessary that the nations and governments organize an international tribunal to which all their disputes and differences shall be referred. The decision of that tribunal shall be final. Individual controversy will be adjudged by a local tribunal. International questions will come before the universal tribunal, and so the cause of warfare will be taken away.

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 301)

 

56 "While the setting up of parliaments, the organizing of assemblies of consultation, constitutes the very foundation and bedrock of government, there are several essential requirements which these institutions must fulfill. First the elected members must be righteous, God-fearing, high-minded, and incorruptible. Second, they must be fully cognizant in every particular of the laws of God informed as to the highest principles of law, versed in the rules which govern the management of internal affairs and the conduct of foreign relations, skilled in the useful arts of civilization, and content with their lawful emoluments."

(eAbduf1-Baha: The Secret of Divine Civilization, p. 23)

 

57. "It is unquestionable that the object in establishing parliaments is to bring about justice and righteousness, but everything hinges on the efforts of the elected representatives If their intention is sincere, desirable results and unforeseen improvements will be forthcoming; if not it is certain that the whole thing will be meaningless the country will come to a standstill and public affairs will continuously deteriorate."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: The Secret of Divine Civilization, p. 23)

 

58 "cthe Supreme Tribunal which Baháfuflláh has described will fulfill this sacred task with the utmost might and power. And His plan is this: that the national assemblies of each country and nation---that is to say parliaments---should elect two or three persons who are the choicest of that nation, and are well informed concerning international laws and the relations between governments and aware of the essential needs of the world of humanity in this day. The number of these representatives should be in proportion to the number of inhabitants of that country. The election of these souls who are chosen by the national assembly, that is the parliament, must also be confirmed by the upper house, the congress and the cabinet and also by the president or monarch so these persons may be the elected ones of all the nation and the government. The Supreme Tribunal will be composed of these people and all mankind will thus have a share therein, for every one of these delegates is fully representative of his nation."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Star of the West, pp. 306-307)

 

 

7. Adoption of A Universal Auxiliary Language

 

59. "It is incumbent upon all nations to appoint some men of understanding and erudition to convene a gathering and through joint consultation choose one language from among the varied existing languages or create a new one to be taught to the children of all schools of the world

"The day is approaching when all the peoples of the world will have adopted one universal language and one common script. When this is achieved, to whatsoever city a man may journey, it shall be as if he were entering his own home."

(Baháfuflláh: Tablets of Baháfuflláh, pp. 165-166)

 

60. "A universal language would make intercourse possible with every nation. Thus it would be needful to know two languages only the mother tongue and the universal speech. The latter would enable a man to communicate with any and every man in the world!h

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Paris Talks, p. 1-6)

 

61. "Therefore, the question of an auxiliary international tongue has the utmost importance. Through this means international education and training become possible; the evidence and history of the past can be acquired. The spread of the known facts of the human world depends upon language. The explanation of divine teachings can only be through this medium. As long as diversity of tongues and lack of comprehension of other languages continue, these glorious aims cannot be realized. Therefore, the very first service to the world of man is to establish this auxiliary international means of communication. It will become the cause of the tranquillity of the human commonwealth. Through it sciences and arts will be spread among the nations, and it will prove to be the means of the progress and development of all races,h

(eAbdufl-Bahá: Promulgation of Universal Peace, pp. 60-61)

 

 

8. Promoting Education for All

 

62. "Knowledge is as wings to man's life, and a ladder for his ascent. Its acquisition is incumbent upon everyone. The knowledge of such sciences, however, should be acquired as can profit the peoples of the earth, and not those which begin with words and end with words."

(Baháfuflláh: Tablets of Baháfuflláh, p. 51)

 

63. "The primary, the most urgent requirement is the promotion of education. It is inconceivable that any nation should achieve prosperity and success unless this paramount, this fundamental concern is carried forward."

(eAbdufl-Bahá: The Secret of Divine Civilization, p. 109)

 

64. "It is education that brings the East and the West under the authority of man; it is education that spreads great sciences and arts; it is education that makes manifest new discoveries and institutions. If there were no educator, there would be no such things as comforts, civilization or humanity. If a man be left alone in a wilderness where he sees none of his own kind, he will undoubtedly become a mere brute; it is then clear that an educator is needed." (eAbdu'l-Bahá: Some Answered Questions, pp. 7-8)

 

65. The cause of universal education, which has already enlisted in its service an army of dedicated people from every faith and nation, deserves the utmost support that the governments of the world can lend it. For ignorance is indisputably the principal reason for the decline and fall of peoples and the perpetuation of prejudice. No nation can achieve success unless education is accorded for all its citizens. Lack of resources limits the ability of many nations to fulfill this necessity, imposing a certain ordering of priorities. The decision-making agencies involved would do well to consider giving first priority to the education of women and girls, since it is through educated mothers that the benefits of knowledge can be most effectively and rapidly diffused throughout society. In keeping with the requirements of the times, consideration should also be given to teaching the concept of world citizenship as part of the standard education of every child.@ (The Universal House of Justice, The Promise of World Peace, p. 12)